2017年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试英语二真题及答案（阅读理解）

 2017年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试英语二真题及答案（阅读理解）

  Section II Reading Comprehension

  Part A

  Directions：

  Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing

  A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）

  Text 1

  Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km

  around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has

  inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands

  of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range

  from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

  Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years

  ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in

  London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to

  level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,

  healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing

  weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 2012－but the general

  population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating

  rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a

  week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official

  retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The

  success of Parkrun offers answers.

  Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos

  welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped

  over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast,

  wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual

  aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for

  newcomers.

  Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the

  planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports 

  associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in

  providing common goods － making sure there is space for playing fields and the

  money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these

  activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green

  spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in

  education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to

  provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.

  21.题干According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.

  选项

  A．gained great popularity

  B．created many jobs

  C．strengthened community ties

  D．become an official festival

  答案A

  解析由题干中的关键词 According to Paragraph 1, 可以快速的定位到文中的

  第一段，第一段讲了每周六大约有五万多人都会在他们当地的公园里跑步，跑步

  的年龄跨度之大：从 4 岁的小朋友到祖父母年纪的人都有；跑步所用的时间跨度

  也很大：从世界纪录的 13 分 48 秒到一个小时。由此可见，这是一个全民运动，

  与 A 选项的 great popularity 相互对应，所以选 A. 其他选项，B 创造了很多就业

  机会；C 增强了社会的凝聚力；D 成为一个官方的节日；这几个选项原文中都没

  有涉及，所以排除。

  22.题干The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____.

  选项

  A．boost population growth

  B．promote sport participation

  C．improve the city's image

  D．increase sport hours in schools

  答案B

  解析可以发现原文中第二段第一句话 Parkrun is succeeding where London’s

  Olympic “legacy” is failing 与题干中的关键词 London’s Olympic “legacy” has

  failed to...对应，所以可以锁定文章的第二段，从而找出解题的关键。第二段前半

  部分讲了在最初的时候 Olympic 的目标，然而，事实却事与愿违，...but the general

  population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating

  rate. 由这句话可以看出，Olympic 并没有推动大众的参与性，与预期的目标不符，

  所以选择 B。

  23.题干Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.

  选项

  A．aims at discovering talents

  B．focuses on mass competition

  C．does not emphasize elitism

  D．does not attract first-timers

  答案C

  解析由题干中的关键词 Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that...可以

  知道这是想考察 Parkrun 和 Olympic 的区别。追溯到原文，可以看到文中的第三

  段第一句话：Parkrun is not a race but a time trial.从这句话可以排除 A 和 B，因为

  A 和 B 都和竞争有关，D 选项可以从这一段的这一句话：there is much joy over a

  puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is ...可知，Parkrun 有很多

  第一次参加的人，所以排除 D. 最后可以知道，答案选 C，因为 parkrun 不是比

  赛，所以就不重视精英主义。

  24. 题干With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____.

  选项

  A．organize "grassroots" sports events

  B．supervise local sports associations

  C．increase funds for sports clubs

  D．invest in public sports facilities

  答案D

  解析由题干中的关键词 the governments should...,可以知道，命题人想要考察

  的是对于 Parkrun 这一项大众运动，政府应该做点什么。所以，考生要快速的定

  位到原文中有关政府的段落，即第四段，If there is a role for government, it should

  really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space

  for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging

  the provision of all these activities in schools. 从这里可以知道，作者希望政府能够

  为 Parkrun 提供场所和钱，并针对学校制定相关条例以鼓励全民运动。由此可以

  排除 A，B，C. 最终选择 D。

  25.  题 干  The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports

  is_____.

  选项

  A．tolerant

  B．critical

  C．uncertain

  D．sympathetic

  答案B

  解析由题干中的关键词 the author’s attitude to what UK government have done

  for sport 可以再次锁定原文中关于政府的部分，可见这一题与 24 题是有一定联

  系的。第四段一开始作者提出了自己对政府的期许，但是事实上，政府却没有达

  到这一期许。But successive government have presided over selling green spaces,

  squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.

  政府负责卖地，从地方政府压榨金钱，不重视学校的体育运动。可见，此处作者

  指责政府的一系列行为，由此可以得出答案 B. tolerant:宽容的，容忍的；

  uncertain：含糊的，不确定的；sympathetic：同情的，赞同的。

  Text 2

  With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget

  about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny

  Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote

  maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over

  into the family routine.”

  Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving

  mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices

  during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal

  interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones

  became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails

  while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.

  Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if

  those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device

  －

  it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face

  experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a

  mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank

  expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes

  increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. "Parents don't

  have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents

  need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an

  emotional need," says Radesky.

  On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use

  of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should

  always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very

  white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your

  child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a

  child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if

  it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from

  their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend

  or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be

  more available to their child the rest of the time.

  26.题干According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.

  选项

  A．simplify routine matters

  B．absorb user attention

  C．better interpersonal relations

  D．increase work efficiency

  答案B

  解析由题干中的关键词 Jenny Radesky, 可以快速的定位到文中提到此人物的

  第一段第二行，接着题干中说 digital products are designed to..可以知道，考查的

  是数码产品的目的，回归到文中第一段第二行，可知 Jenny Radesky 说了这样一

  句话：Tech is designed to really suck on you in, and digital products are there to

  promote maximal engagement....电子产品就是为了促进最大程度的参与性，由此

  可以得出答案 B 为了吸引用户的注意力。其余选项在 Jenny Radesky 的话中都没

  有体现。

  27.  题 干  Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices

  _____.

  选项

  A．takes away babies’ appetite

  B．distracts children’s attention

  C．slows down babies’ verbal development

  D．reduces mother-child communication

  答案D

  解析由题干中的关键词 food-testing exercise, mother’s use of devices. 可以快

  速的定位到第二段第二行:She found that mothers who sued devices during the

  exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions

  with their children. 从这里可以知道，母亲使用手机会减少 20%的语言交流机会，

  39%的非语言交流。由此可以得出答案为 D.减少了母亲和孩子之间的交流。

  28.题干Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.

  选项

  A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions

  B．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange

  C．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood

  D．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs

  答案D

  解析本题目是具体细节题。题干中的关键词 Radesky 和 still face experiment

  定位到倒数第三段大写 R 处，题目问实验一定要找实验结论，结论在本段最后

  一句的 but 之后，这里提到了 parents need be to responsive ...to...emotional need，

  父母需要对情感需求做出回应。正确答案 D 是原文的原词复现。干扰项 A 的 blank

  expressions 是原文实验里面的具体内容，非实验表明；选项 B 是最后一句的个别

  词干扰；选项 C 偷换概念，不是 children are insensitive，而是 parents。

  29. 题干The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.

  选项

  A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies

  B．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year

  C．ensure constant interaction with their children

  D．remain concerned about kid's use of screens

  答案C

  解析本题目为具体细节题。根据题干的关键词 oppressive ideology 和大写字

  母 Tronick 定位到最后一段的第一句话 that 之后。本句 that 后的 demands 对应题

  干的 requires，说道“父母应该总是要交流”。正确选项 C 的 constant interaction

  对应原文的 always interacting。干扰项 A 的 fantasies 是定位句下一句中的个别词

  干扰；选项 B 的 30000words 同样是定位句之后的句子中提到的，而且是 if 的一

  个条件句；选项 D 的 concerned 是末段首句的 concerned，但是偷换概念。

  30.题干According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.

  选项

  A．give their parents some free time

  B．make their parents more creative

  C．help them with their homework

  D．help them become more attentive

  答案A

  解析本题目为文中人物观点的细节题。根据题干中的大写字母 Tronick 及关

  键词 kid 定位到最后一段的倒数第三句，破折号后面解释了 kid’s use of screens

  的具体目的。“it gives parents time to...”与正确选项 A 完全一致，属于原文的原

  词复现。干扰项 B 的 creative 并未提及；选项 C 的 homework 根据原文的 housework

  进行干扰，原文是父母有时间做家务，而选项是帮助孩子做作业；选项 D 的

  attentive 并未提及。

  Text 3

  Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction

  with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to

  completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you

  know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And

  after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing

  something that isn’t academic.

  But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.

  There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially

  perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical

  school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not

  hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact, it probably enhances it.

  Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap

  year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do

  not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing

  them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes－all things

  that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen

  the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new

  environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than

  acclimation blunders.

  If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore

  interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to

  the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end

  up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic

  mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of

  themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another

  after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the

  school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At

  Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to

  switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure

  things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.

  31.题干One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is

  that_____.

  选项

  A．they think it academically misleading

  B．they have a lot of fun to expect in college

  C．it feels strange to do differently from others

  D．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses

  答案C

  解析题目问的是高中毕业生不选择间隔年原因之一是什么。根据题目中的

  high-school 和 gap year 和定位到第一段第一句话。这句话后面一句的 after all 可

  以知道后面应该是解释理由了，After all, if everyone you know is going to college

  in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it?这句话是说如果大家秋天都

  上大学去了，你要是晚了一年看起来有点傻。这个句子等同于 C 选项中的 feel

  strange to do differently from others，因此选 C。

  32. 题干Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.

  选项

  A．keep students from being unrealistic

  B．lower risks in choosing careers

  C．ease freshmen’s financial burdens

  D．relieve freshmen of pressures

  答案D

  解析根据题目中的 study from the Australia and US 可以定位到第三段第一句

  话 Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap

  year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do

  not.。这句话明确说了有间隔年的学生比没有的要好，好在准备和表现上。所以

  A：unrealistic 和 B：choosing career 不对。第二句在表现好的更细致地方面进行

  了描述：preparing them for independence 独立性, new responsibilities 责任感 and

  environmental changes 环境变化。紧随的破折号后总结说了这是 first-year students

  一年级学生 often struggle with the most 常常有苦恼的。说明最受益的是大学一年

  级学生，而整段都没提过 financial burdens，所以 C 不对。而 D 中的 pressure 是

  对前面内容的概括性描述，因此答案是 D。

  33.题干The word “acclimation”（Line 8, Para. 3） is closest in meaning to_____.

  选项

  A．adaptation

  B．application

  C．motivation

  D．competition

  答案A

  解析这题根据题干中给的信息，到第三段最后一句中去找答案，Gap year

  experiences can...when it comes to adjusting to college..., making it easier to...rather

  than acclimation blunders.这个句子分两部分，逗号+making 分词作状语，从功能

  上是解释补充说明前面半句，所以间隔年的好处是能帮助新生调节适应大学，而

  不用担心 acclimation 问题，所以 acclimation 当然就是适应的意思了。因此 A 为

  正确答案。

  34.题干A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.

  选项

  A．avoid academic failures

  B．establish long-term goals

  C．switch to another college

  D．decide on the right major

  答案D

  解 析 文 章 最 后 一 段 第 一句 提到 了 consider its financial impact on future

  academic choices。Financial 对应题干中的 save money，而 academic choices 学术

  选择可以排除 A 和 B。根据最后一段第三句...students...listing one major on their

  college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes.所以第一句

  中的 academic choices 指的就是转专业的事儿，因此选 D。

  35.题干The most suitable title for this text would be_____.

  选项

  A．In Favor of the Gap Year

  B．The ABCs of the Gap Year

  C．The Gap Year Comes Back

  D．The Gap Year: A Dilemma

  答案A

  解析第二段第一句话 But while this may be true, it's not a good enough reason to

  condemn gap years.就用 but 句说明了全文就是想说间隔年你值得拥有。而选项中

  只有 A 选项 in favor of 是持正面积极态度的，因此选 A。

  Text 4

  Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of

  wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says

  Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

  In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5

  billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such

  efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the

  agency's other work－such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources

  management, and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.

  Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are

  going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal

  dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?

  “It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole

  country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is

  this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard

  parts of the landscape?”

  Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today

  views fire, researchers say.

  For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the

  past decade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth

  from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.

  While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of

  the rest of the equation.

  “The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the

  interactions go both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an

  overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem

  and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”

  At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly

  controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University

  of Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude

  crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible,

  she says.

  “We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really

  important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire

  today.”

  36.题干More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015

  they_____.

  选项

  A．exhausted unprecedented management efforts

  B．consumed a record-high percentage of budget

  C．severely damaged the ecology of western states

  D．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure

  答案B

  解析本题目是原因细节题。根据题干的关键词 wildfires 和 national concern，

  以及时间词 2015，定位到第二段首句。本句提到 US 花费了大量的 budget，与选

  项 B 中的 budget 原词复现，high 是原文 more than 的同义转化，consume 同义替

  换原文 spent。干扰项 A 的 management 是首段末句的人物 Max Moritz 的职位；

  选项 C 的 western states 是首段首句的 though 从句内容，和题干无关，属于答非

  所问；选项 D 的 infrastructure 是原文末尾的破折号里 such as 的内容，两个破折

  号里面一定不选。

  37.题干Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.

  选项

  A．raise more funds for fire-prone areas

  B．avoid the redirection of federal money

  C．find wildfire-free parts of the landscape

  D．guarantee safer spending of public funds

  答案D

  解析本题目为具体细节题。根据题干的关键词 a magnifying glass 和大写字母

  Moritz 定位到第四段第二句，目的就是最后一句。本句提到“to redirect those

  funds”，基金重新引导，本段首句也提及 a huge problem from...public expenditure。

  正确答案 D 的 guarantee safer spending 是对这两句的完全概括，讨论公共基金更

  好的花费问题。干扰项 A 提到 fund，但未说 raise more，添加无关内容；选项 B

  与原文刚好相反，不是 avoid 避免；选项 C 是对原文 lower-hazard parts of the

  landscape 的偷换概念。

  38.题干While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.

  选项

  A．public debates have not settled yet

  B．fire-fighting conditions are improving

  C．other factors should not be overlooked

  D．a shift in the view of fire has taken place

  答案C

  解析本题是文中人物观点的细节题。根据题干的关键词 climate is a key

  element 及大写字母 Moritz 定位到第 7 段的内容。本句中 Moritz 提到“should not

  come at the expense of the equation”，不以平等的代价而来。正确答案 A 中的不

  应该忽视其他因素是对本句的同义转化与概括。干扰项 A 的 public debates 来自

  第 6 段的 the focus 但未提及 settle 的话题，也非本题定位句；干扰项 B 的 conditions

  是第 6 段的最后一句 conditions that worsen fires，偷换动词 worsen 与 improving；

  选项 D 的 a shift in the view of 是出现在第五段，时态错误，原文是 would require，

  选项是 has taken place。

  39.题干The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.

  选项

  A．discover the fundamental makeup of nature

  B．explore the mechanism of the human systems

  C．maximize the role of landscape in human life

  D．understand the interrelations of man and nature

  答案D

  解析本题目为原因细节题。根据题干关键词 simplified view Moritz 定位到第8段的首句，“the human systems and the landscapes... are linked and the interactions

  go both ways”,人类与环境是相联系的，并且是相互作用的。正确答案 D 的

  interactions 是原文的原词复现，man and nature 同义替换原文的 human... and

  landscapes。干扰项 A 原文未提及；选项 B 的 human systems 是原词，但是并无

  mechanism 偷换概念；选项 C 的 landscape 和 human 是原词出现，但添加无关信

  息 maximize。

  40.题干Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.

  选项

  A．do away with

  B．come to terms with

  C．pay a price for

  D．keep away from

  答案B

  解析本题目为文中人物观点的细节题。根据题干的大写字母 Professor Balch

  和 fire，man 定位到最后一段的最后一句，“important to understand...human

  connection with fire”，人与火之间的联系。正确答案 B 的意思是达成协议，符

  合原文。干扰项 A 的 do away with 是废除；选项 C 的 pay a price for 是付出代价；

  选项 D 的 keep away from 远离。